ABSTRACT
Objective: Oral lichen planus [OLP] is a chronic inflammatory disease. Immunological factor may act as etiological factor. The cellular immune cells such as T cells are important in pathogenesis. Interferon gamma [IFN-Gamma] and interleukin 4 [IL-4] are secreted by T-helper 1 [Th1] and Th2, respectively. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between salivary levels of IFN-Gamma and IL-4 with OLP
Materials and Methods: This case control study included sixty three Iranian OLP patients who were selected from the Department of Oral Medicine of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences from January to July 2013. An equal number of healthy volunteers were also selected as a control group. The OLP patients were then divided into two following sub-groups: reticular [n=30] and erythematous/ulcerative [n=33]. All patients had no systemic disease and received no medication. IFN-Gamma and IL-4 levels in whole unstimulated saliva [WUS] were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] test. Data analysis was done using t test, ANOVA, least significant difference [LSD] test, and the Kruskal-Wallis test
Results: Reticular OLP patients showed higher salivary IFN-Gamma [7.74 +/- 0.09 pg/ml] and IL-4 [3.876 +/- 0.05 pg/ml] levels compared with the control group, indicating that difference was significant. Salivary IFN-Gamma/IL-4 ratio significantly increased compared with control group [P=0.042]. Salivary IFN-Gamma and IL-4 levels between sub-groups [reticular and erythematous/ulcerative] were not significantly different [2.6 +/- 0.06 and 2.3 +/- 0.05, respectively, P<0.05]
Conclusion: Salivary IFN-Gamma and IL-4 levels were increased in OLP patients. An increase of salivary IFN-Gamma/IL-4 ratio in OLP patients showed that Th1 might have a dominant role in the OLP pathogenesis
ABSTRACT
Objective: Chronic periodontitis is the most common form of periodontal disease. Changes in biomarkers seem to be associated with the disease progression. Procalcitonin [PCT] is one of these biomarkers that are altered during infection. This study was established to investigate the relationship between periodontitis as an infectious disease and salivary PCT
Materials and Methods: This case-control study was performed on 30 patients with generalized chronic periodontitis and 30 health individuals as control group who were referred to Dental School, Jundishapur University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran at Feb to Apr 2014. The saliva samples were collected and analyzed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] method. Data analysis was performed using t test with the SPSS [SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA] version 13
Results: In both groups, age and sex distribution values were not significantly different. The concentrations of salivary PCT in controls and patients ranged from 0.081 pg/ mL to 0.109pg/mL and from 0.078pg/mL to 0.114pg/mL, respectively. The statistically significant differences between the two groups were not observed [P=0.17]
Conclusion: It seems that salivary PCT concentration is not affected by disease progression. Therefore, PCT is not a valuable marker for the existence of periodontal disease
ABSTRACT
Introduction of new approaches for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] infection such as anti-retroviral medicines has resulted in an increase in the life expectancy of HIV patient. Evaluating the dental health status as a part of their general health care is needed in order to improve the quality of life in these patients. The aim of this study was to compare the root and crown caries rate in HIV patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy [HAART] with that rate in HIV patients without treatment option. This cross sectional study consisting of 100 individuals of both genders with human immunodeficiency virus were divided into two groups: i. group 1 [treatment group] including 50 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS] receiving HAART and ii. group 2 [control group] including 50 HIV infected patients not receiving HAART. Dental examinations were done by a dentist under suitable light using periodontal probe. For each participant, numbers of decay [D], missed [M], filled [F], Decayed missed and filled teeth [DMFT], decay surface [Ds], missed surface [Ms], filled surface [Fs], Decayed missed and filled surfaces [DMFS], and tooth and root caries were recorded. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test and independent t test using SPSS 13.0, while p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant in all analysis. The mean and standard deviation [SD] of decayed, missed and filled teeth of those who were on highly active antiretroviral therapy was 6.86 +/- 3.57, 6.39 +/- 6.06 and 1.89 +/- 1.93, respectively. There was no significant difference between these values regarding to the treatment of patients. The mean and standard deviation of DMFT, DMFS and the number of decayed root surfaces were 15.14 +/- 6.09, 56.79 +/- 28.56, and 4.96 +/- 2.89 in patients treated by anti-retroviral medicine which were not significantly different compared to those without this treatment. According to the results of the present study, highly active antiretroviral therapy could not be considered as a single factor for dental caries prevalence in HIV-infected patients. However, more research is recommended to evaluate the cariogenic potential of these medicines
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , HIV , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , HIV Infections , DMF Index , Anti-Retroviral Agents , Root Caries , XerostomiaABSTRACT
This study defines the relationship between salivary beta-2 microglobulin [beta 2-M] and intensity of uremia in male patients diagnosed with chronic renal failure [CRF]. In total of 42 males were enrolled in a case-control study. There were 21 cases of CRF and 21 control cases. We collected 10cc of saliva plus 5 cc of blood from all patients to determine beta 2-M, blood urea nitrogen [BUN] and creatinine [Cr] levels. There was a correlation between the level of serum BUN and salivary urea in controls and patients, which was statistically significant for controls [p=0.028].The correlation between serum and salivary Cr was 0.195 in controls [p=0.398] and 0.598 in patients [p=0.006], which was statistically significant in patients. The correlation between serum and saliva was 0.133 [p=0.566] in controls and 0.078 [p=0.737] in patients, which was not statistically significant. The correlation between serum BUN and beta 2-M was 0.168 [p=0.469] in the control group and 0.629 [p=0.002] in patients, which was statistically significant in patients. The correlation between serum Cr and beta 2-M was 0.110 [p=0.635] in the control group and 0.678 [p=0.001] in patients, which was statistically significant in patients. The correlation between serum BUN and salivary beta 2-M was 0.093 [p=0.0690] in controls and 0.152 [p=0.152] in patients, which was not statistically significant. The correlation between serum Cr and salivary beta 2-M was 0.072 [p=0.070] in the control group and 0.286 [p=0.209] in patients, which was not statistically significant in either group. The results of the study indicated that salivary beta 2-M cannot be used as a non-invasive indicator to detect the severity of renal failure